[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Hero Section” _builder_version=”4.7.6″ use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”rgba(27,179,235,0.9)” background_color_gradient_end=”rgba(37,239,203,0.9)” background_color_gradient_direction=”105deg” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_image=”https:\/\/ciguaadapt.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/cala-anguila-2001071_1920.jpg” custom_padding=”60px|0px|60px|0px” bottom_divider_style=”waves2″ bottom_divider_color=”#fafbfc”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.25″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ text_font=”ABeeZee||||||||” text_text_color=”rgba(255,255,255,0.8)” text_font_size=”18px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”ABeeZee|600|||||||” header_text_color=”#ffffff” header_font_size=”48px” header_line_height=”1.4em” header_3_font=”Poppins|600|||||||” header_3_font_size=”36px” header_3_line_height=”1.4em” background_layout=”dark” max_width=”600px” module_alignment=”left” custom_margin=”|||” locked=”off”]<\/p>\n
Este proyecto se centra en la caracterizaci\u00f3n del riesgo de intoxicaci\u00f3n alimentaria por ciguatera en las Islas Baleares y las Islas Canarias[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Our Services Section” _builder_version=”3.22″ custom_padding=”110px|0px|100px|0px||”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”3.25″ locked=”off”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ text_font=”||||||||” header_font=”||||||||” header_text_align=”center” header_3_font=”ABeeZee|600|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#44d89e” header_3_font_size=”36px” header_3_line_height=”1.4em” text_orientation=”center”]<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4″ admin_label=”Statistics” _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_margin=”7px|auto|100px|auto||” custom_padding=”|40px||40px” border_radii=”on|6px|6px|6px|6px” box_shadow_style=”preset1″ box_shadow_vertical=”10px” box_shadow_blur=”24px” box_shadow_spread=”6px” box_shadow_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.06)”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_number_counter title=”A\u00f1os del proyecto” number=”3″ percent_sign=”off” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ title_font=”Poppins||||||||” title_text_color=”#486066″ title_font_size=”15px” title_line_height=”1.4em” number_font=”Poppins||||||||” number_text_color=”#1bb3eb” number_font_size=”48px” number_line_height=”100px” animation_style=”fade”][\/et_pb_number_counter][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_number_counter title=”Personas involucradas” number=”19″ percent_sign=”off” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ title_font=”Poppins||||||||” title_text_color=”#486066″ title_font_size=”15px” title_line_height=”1.4em” number_font=”Poppins||||||||” number_text_color=”#1ac9ed” number_font_size=”48px” number_line_height=”100px” animation_style=”fade” animation_delay=”100ms”][\/et_pb_number_counter][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_number_counter title=”An\u00e1lisis” number=”850″ percent_sign=”off” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ title_font=”Poppins||||||||” title_text_color=”#486066″ title_font_size=”15px” title_line_height=”1.4em” number_font=”Poppins||||||||” number_text_color=”#22e1e8″ number_font_size=”48px” number_line_height=”100px” animation_style=”fade” animation_delay=”200ms”][\/et_pb_number_counter][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_number_counter title=”Ubicaci\u00f3n de los estudios” number=”2″ percent_sign=”off” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ title_font=”Poppins||||||||” title_text_color=”#486066″ title_font_size=”15px” title_line_height=”1.4em” number_font=”Poppins||||||||” number_text_color=”#25efcb” number_font_size=”48px” number_line_height=”100px” animation_style=”fade” animation_delay=”300ms”][\/et_pb_number_counter][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row module_id=”project-overview” _builder_version=”4.7.6″ locked=”off”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ text_font=”||||||||” header_font=”||||||||” header_text_align=”center” header_3_font=”ABeeZee|600|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#44d89e” header_3_font_size=”36px” header_3_line_height=”1.4em” text_orientation=”center”]<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ column_padding_mobile=”on” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” _builder_version=”4.7.6″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_padding=”27px|0px|27px|0px” custom_padding_tablet=”49px|||” custom_padding_phone=”19px|||”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_blurb title=”Resumen del proyecto” image=”https:\/\/ciguaadapt.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/line-graph.png” image_max_width=”75px” admin_label=”Service” _builder_version=”4.7.6″ header_font=”ABeeZee|600|||||||” header_text_align=”center” header_text_color=”#486066″ header_font_size=”18px” header_line_height=”1.3em” body_font=”ABeeZee||||||||” body_text_align=”center” body_text_color=”#486066″ body_line_height=”2em” background_color=”#ffffff” custom_margin=”|||” custom_padding=”40px|30px|40px|30px” animation_style=”fade” animation=”off” link_option_url=”#project” border_radii=”on|6px|6px|6px|6px” box_shadow_style=”preset1″ box_shadow_vertical=”10px” box_shadow_blur=”24px” box_shadow_spread=”6px” box_shadow_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.06)”]<\/p>\n
Los riesgos alimentarios asociados con las ciguatoxinas: seguimiento y supervisi\u00f3n de las toxinas marinas y organismos productores de toxinas en los ecosistemas marinos (CIGUARISK)<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_blurb title=”Resumen del subproyecto 1″ image=”https:\/\/ciguaadapt.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/ecosystem.png” image_max_width=”75px” admin_label=”Service” _builder_version=”4.7.6″ header_font=”ABeeZee|600|||||||” header_text_align=”center” header_text_color=”#486066″ header_font_size=”18px” header_line_height=”1.3em” body_font=”ABeeZee||||||||” body_text_align=”center” body_text_color=”#486066″ body_line_height=”2em” background_color=”#ffffff” custom_margin=”|||” custom_padding=”40px|30px|40px|30px” animation_style=”fade” animation=”off” link_option_url=”#subproject1″ border_radii=”on|6px|6px|6px|6px” box_shadow_style=”preset1″ box_shadow_vertical=”10px” box_shadow_blur=”24px” box_shadow_spread=”6px” box_shadow_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.06)”]<\/p>\n
La din\u00e1mica espacio-temporal de las microalgas productoras de ciguatoxinas en los ecosistemas marinos y la transferencia de ciguatoxinas a trav\u00e9s de la red tr\u00f3fica (CIGUATROFIC)<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_blurb title=”Resumen del subproyecto 2″ image=”https:\/\/ciguaadapt.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/fish-1.png” image_max_width=”75px” admin_label=”Service” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ header_font=”ABeeZee|600|||||||” header_text_align=”center” header_text_color=”#486066″ header_font_size=”18px” header_line_height=”1.3em” body_font=”ABeeZee||||||||” body_text_align=”center” body_text_color=”#486066″ body_line_height=”2em” background_color=”#ffffff” custom_margin=”|||” custom_padding=”40px|30px|40px|30px” animation_style=”fade” animation=”off” link_option_url=”#subproject2″ border_radii=”on|6px|6px|6px|6px” box_shadow_style=”preset1″ box_shadow_vertical=”10px” box_shadow_blur=”24px” box_shadow_spread=”6px” box_shadow_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.06)”]<\/p>\n
La ciguatoxina en la red tr\u00f3fica: un estudio controlado de la bioacumulaci\u00f3n en productos del mar (CIGUAFOOD)<\/p>\n
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[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.7.6″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”100px|auto||auto||”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.7.6″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_text module_id=”project” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” header_text_color=”#44d89e” header_3_font=”|600|||||||” header_3_text_align=”center” header_3_text_color=”#1bb3eb” header_3_font_size=”25px” header_3_line_height=”1.4em” text_orientation=”justified”]<\/p>\n
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La ciguatera es una intoxicaci\u00f3n alimentaria producida por el consumo de peces marinos que contienen ciguatoxinas (CTX), unas potentes neurotoxinas principalmente presentes en las aguas del tr\u00f3pico y subtr\u00f3pico, y que causan s\u00edntomas generales, digestivos, card\u00edacos y neurol\u00f3gicos, \u00e9stos pudiendo perdurar durante meses. Las CTXs son producidas por dinoflagelados de los g\u00e9neros Gambierdiscus y Fukuyoa y se transfieren y transforman a trav\u00e9s de las redes tr\u00f3ficas llegando a los consumidores.<\/p>\n
Recientemente Gambierdiscus spp. ha sido descrito como un componente probablemente aut\u00f3ctono de las comunidades de microalgas bent\u00f3nicas en las Islas Canarias (IC), lo que sugerir\u00eda que este g\u00e9nero no es un tax\u00f3n recientemente introducido. El cambio clim\u00e1tico puede contribuir a aumentar las densidades de las poblaciones. Desde el a\u00f1o 2004 han aparecido diferentes casos de ciguatera en las IC y en Madeira.<\/p>\n
Por otro lado, en el Mediterr\u00e1neo, no existen pruebas convincentes de casos de ciguatera si bien se ha descrito presencia de Gambierdiscus spp. en Creta, Chipre y en las Islas Baleares (IB). No obstante, se sabe poco acerca de la diversidad, distribuci\u00f3n y toxicidad de estos dinoflagelados en el Mediterr\u00e1neo.<\/p>\n
Estas dos regiones templadas, las IB con presencia de Gambierdiscus pero sin ciguatera, y las IC con presencia de Gambierdiscus y casos de ciguatera, ofrecen una oportunidad \u00fanica para evaluar los factores asociados al desarrollo de la ciguatera, en un entorno que evoluciona como resultado del cambio clim\u00e1tico.
Hay una gran diversidad de CTX: se conocen c. 20 an\u00e1logos con diferentes propiedades toxicol\u00f3gicas. El an\u00e1lisis de las CTX supone un reto considerable puesto que i) la eficacia de los m\u00e9todos de extracci\u00f3n de las CTX pueden variar no s\u00f3lo en funci\u00f3n de la especie de pez sin\u00f3 tambi\u00e9n del tejido que se analize y ii) los niveles de CTX observados en muestras de peces son t\u00edpicamente muy bajos.<\/p>\n
El objetivo principal de CIGUARISK es hacer una evaluaci\u00f3n del riesgo de ciguatera para poder as\u00ed proteger al consumidor y asesorar a los sectores de acuicultura y pesca. Para esto, es indispensable determinar la abundancia y distribuci\u00f3n espacio-temporal de las especies de Gambierdiscus\/Fukuyoa, as\u00ed como la cantidad y composici\u00f3n de CTXs que producen y c\u00f3mo \u00e9stas se transforman en las redes tr\u00f3ficas. Para lograr esto, se combinar\u00e1n muestreos de campo, cultivos y an\u00e1lsisis gen\u00e9ticos de Gambierdiscus spp. y Fukuyoa spp. con la caracterizaci\u00f3n de CTX caracterizar\u00e1n (i.e. identidad y toxicidad) en los Gambierdiscus spp y en otros componentes de las redes tr\u00f3ficas para ver c\u00f3mo se acumulan estas toxinas y c\u00f3mo cambian sus perfiles y toxicidades a medida que se transfieren a lo largo de la cadena tr\u00f3fica (de algas a herb\u00edvoros\/omn\u00edvoros, y de estos a carn\u00edvoros y otros organismos marinos). La absorci\u00f3n y las conversiones de CTX en los peces se examinar\u00e1 a trav\u00e9s de experimentos diet\u00e9ticos controlados. Finalmente, se construir\u00e1 un modelo integrado de evaluaci\u00f3n de riesgos que prediga cuando pueden darse episodios de ciguatera.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text module_id=”project” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” header_text_color=”#44d89e” header_3_font=”|600|||||||” header_3_text_align=”center” header_3_text_color=”#1bb3eb” header_3_font_size=”25px” header_3_line_height=”1.4em” text_orientation=”justified”]<\/p>\n
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La intoxicaci\u00f3n alimentaria por ciguatera (CFP), principalmente tropical, est\u00e1 causada por consumo de pescado que contiene ciguatoxinas (CTXs). Los dinoflagelados bent\u00f3nicos, Gambierdiscus y Fukuyoa producen CTXs que son transferidas a trav\u00e9s de las redes tr\u00f3ficas. En 2004, se inform\u00f3 sobre el primer brote aut\u00f3ctono de ciguatera en las costas europeas, exactamente en las Islas Canarias (IC) despu\u00e9s del consumo de un medregal. Hasta el momento, se han descrito cinco especies de Gambierdiscus en las IC. En el Mediterr\u00e1neo, no se han confirmaado casos de ciguatera, pero se ha descrito la presencia de Gambierdiscus y Fukuyoa en Chipre, Creta y las Islas Baleares (IB). El mar Mediterr\u00e1neo, es una de las regiones m\u00e1s afectadas por el aumento de las temperaturas que acompa\u00f1an al cambio clim\u00e1tico, lo que hace que esta regi\u00f3n sea m\u00e1s adecuada para las especies tropicales. Por lo tanto, existe una necesidad urgente de investigar la distribuci\u00f3n espacio-temporal de Gambierdiscus y Fukuyoa para definir las posibles ubicaciones de riesgo de ciguatera en las dos \u00e1reas de estudio (IC e IB) y estimar la escala de tiempo probable para su aparici\u00f3n, y comprender c\u00f3mo se transforman las CTX a trav\u00e9s de las redes tr\u00f3ficas. Las comparaciones entre IC e IB son particularmente informativas del riesgo de ciguatera puesto que los organismos productores de CTX est\u00e1n presentes en ambas \u00e1reas, pero ciguatera actualmente solo se ha detectado en CI.<\/p>\n
La presencia de CTX en la carne de peces de nivel tr\u00f3fico superior, particularmente uno de los an\u00e1logos m\u00e1s t\u00f3xicos (CTX-1B), se explica como resultado del consumo de Gambierdiscus por peces herb\u00edvoros y peces omn\u00edvoros que a su vez son consumidos por peces carn\u00edvoros. El subp. 1, CIGUATROFIC, se centra en d\u00f3nde y cu\u00e1ndo est\u00e1n presentes los dinoflagelados productores de CTX, qu\u00e9 controla su crecimiento, sus perfiles de CTXs y c\u00f3mo estos perfiles cambian a trav\u00e9s de las redes tr\u00f3ficas. Las distribuciones espaciales de Gambierdiscus y Fukuyoa en IB e IC se estudiar\u00e1n y cuantificar\u00e1n mediante recuentos microsc\u00f3picos y t\u00e9cnicas moleculares (secuenciaci\u00f3n Sanger y ADN metabarconding). La identificaci\u00f3n a nivel molecular es necesaria ya que la toxicidad de las especies de Gambierdiscus var\u00eda considerablemente y la distinci\u00f3n a nivel de especie a partir de la morfolog\u00eda no es posible o del todo fiable. En algunos lugares clave, donde las abundancias de Gambierdiscus sean elevadas, se determinar\u00e1n tambi\u00e9n las distribuciones temporales y en profundidad. <\/p>\n
Las CTX producidas por los dinoflagelados se caracterizar\u00e1n y comparar\u00e1n con las presentes en los peces y otros organismos para determinar c\u00f3mo cambia la composici\u00f3n y la toxicidad de CTX durante su paso a trav\u00e9s de las redes tr\u00f3ficas. Las CTXs se analizar\u00e1n mediante ensayos celulares y cromatograf\u00eda l\u00edquida acoplada a espectrometr\u00eda de masas (LC-MS) para confirmar la presencia, identificaci\u00f3n de los an\u00e1logos de CTX y las cantidades de cada CTX presente. Esta caracterizaci\u00f3n de las CTXs en los diferentes niveles de la red tr\u00f3fica ayudar\u00e1 a comprender la biotransformaci\u00f3n y la biomagnificaci\u00f3n de toxinas y su toxicidad en la red tr\u00f3fica. La informaci\u00f3n de estudios espacio-temporales de los dinoflagelados, y los an\u00e1lisis de toxinas en organismos marinos se integrar\u00e1n para desarrollar un modelo predictivo de ciguatera.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text module_id=”project” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” header_text_color=”#44d89e” header_3_font=”|600|||||||” header_3_text_align=”center” header_3_text_color=”#1bb3eb” header_3_font_size=”25px” header_3_line_height=”1.4em” text_orientation=”justified”]<\/p>\n
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Las toxinas marinas emergentes constituyen un problema de primer orden mundial que implica la seguridad alimentaria de los productos bde la Pesca y la Acuicultura. Canarias es una de las regiones donde se constata un notable incremento de la presencia de Ciguatoxina y otros derivados an\u00e1logos en peces y casos de intoxicaciones humanas de ciguatera, por lo que representa un magn\u00edfico laboratorio para centrar este estudio. Son varias las toxinas que pertenecen a esta familia y pueden vehicularse hasta el consumidor. Por otro lado, estas toxinas producen un efecto bioacumulativo en la cadena tr\u00f3fica, del que se desconoce su mecanismo preciso, la manera en que afecta a los perfiles tox\u00ednicos, y c\u00f3mo estos perfiles podr\u00edan influir en su capacidad t\u00f3xica en cada uno de los eslabones de la cadena.<\/p>\n
En este subproyecto pretendemos obtener nuevas cepas de Gambierdiscus, aisl\u00e1ndolas de muestreos rutinarios en puntos concretos (hotspots) para su incorporaci\u00f3n al Banco Espa\u00f1ol de Algas (BEA) tras su identificaci\u00f3n morfol\u00f3gica y gen\u00e9tica, as\u00ed como mejorar la tasa de crecimiento y producci\u00f3n de biomasa de esta microalga, principal h\u00e1ndicap contra el avance del conocimiento de la participaci\u00f3n de este G\u00e9nero como responsable inicial de las intoxicaciones en humanos. Con estas cepas se realizar\u00e1 un estudio de sus perfiles tox\u00ednicos, y la que se seleccione en esta fase se utilizar\u00e1 en los experimentos de bioacumulaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n
De otra parte, los posibles organismos vectores de la ciguatera podr\u00edan ser varios, y a d\u00eda de hoy desconocidos con exactitud, al no existir estudios que demuestren la procedencia exacta de estas especies y la correspondencia con los vectores de transmisi\u00f3n de esta enfermedad. En este proyecto pretendemos determinar las posibles especies que act\u00faan como vectores de la ciguatera en los distintos niveles tr\u00f3ficos, analizando peces y equinodermos recogidos en los mismos puntos descritos en el apartado anterior (hotspots), que debido a su alimentaci\u00f3n a base de algas, ya sea de forma exclusiva como \u00fanica fuente de alimentaci\u00f3n, o asociada con peque\u00f1os peces y\/o crust\u00e1ceos, sean susceptibles de acumular ciguatoxina, para posteriormente investigar otras especies que act\u00faan en otros niveles de la cadena alimentaria, llegando a los grandes predadores, principales responsables de las intoxicaciones en la especie humana.<\/p>\n
En este subproyecto tambi\u00e9n pretendemos estudiar los efectos de la bioacumulaci\u00f3n de estas toxinas en los peces, mediante ensayos de exposici\u00f3n a la toxina en animales experimentales, utilizando su alimentaci\u00f3n con cepas de microalgas t\u00f3xicas seleccionadas durante el proyecto y, paralelamente, aliment\u00e1ndolos con carne de pescado previamente identificada y cuantificada con una cantidad (ng\/g) de ciguatoxina. Estos ensayos nos ayudar\u00e1n a conocer mejor la cin\u00e9tica de la bioacumulaci\u00f3n de las toxinas en los peces. Todo esto redundar\u00e1 en un mayor conocimiento y asesoramiento al sector de la producci\u00f3n acu\u00edcola y pesquera, y por tanto, proteger al consumidor en relaci\u00f3n a las toxinas marinas y nuevos riesgos potenciales.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row module_id=”work-packages” _builder_version=”4.7.6″ custom_padding=”100px|||||” locked=”off”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ text_font=”||||||||” header_font=”||||||||” header_text_align=”center” header_3_font=”ABeeZee|600|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#44d89e” header_3_font_size=”36px” header_3_line_height=”1.4em” text_orientation=”center”]<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/ciguaadapt.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/2019-Diagrama-WPs_ES_.png” title_text=”2019-Diagrama-WPs_ES_” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.7.6″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.7.6″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_toggle title=”WP 1. Din\u00e1mica espacio-temporal de los dinoflagelados causantes de la ciguatera en los hotspots de las Islas Canarias y las Islas Baleares” open_toggle_text_color=”#44d89e” closed_toggle_text_color=”#1bb3eb” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” title_text_color=”#25efcb” title_font_size=”25px” title_line_height=”1.4em”]Socio L\u00edder: IRTA-CSIC<\/strong><\/p>\n Objetivos:<\/strong><\/p>\n – Describir la distribuci\u00f3n espacial de Gambierdiscus y Fukuyoa en las Islas Baleares. Socio L\u00edder: IRTA-CSIC<\/strong><\/p>\n Objetivos:<\/strong><\/p>\n – Determinar los perfiles y las concentraciones de CTXs disueltas en agua mediante dispositivos de captaci\u00f3n pasiva (bolsas SPATT). Socio l\u00edder: UPLGC<\/strong><\/p>\n Objetivos:<\/strong><\/p>\n – Determinar los par\u00e1metros \u00f3ptimos de crecimiento de los dinoflagelados causantes de la ciguatera en cultivos a gran escala. Socio L\u00edder: IRTA-CSIC y UPLGC<\/strong><\/p>\n Objetivos:<\/strong><\/p>\n Realizar una evaluaci\u00f3n integral del riesgo de la ciguatera, a partir de la abundancia de especies de Gambierdiscus \/ Fukuyoa y perfiles de CTXs y su transformaci\u00f3n en el ecosistema, con el fin de asesorar al sector productivo pesquero y proteger al consumidor en relaci\u00f3n a la ciguatera en las Islas Baleares y las Islas Canarias.[\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=”WP 5. Gesti\u00f3n, difusi\u00f3n y explotaci\u00f3n” open_toggle_text_color=”#44d89e” closed_toggle_text_color=”#1bb3eb” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” title_text_color=”#25efcb” title_font_size=”25px” title_line_height=”1.4em”]<\/p>\n Socio l\u00edder: IRTA<\/strong><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_toggle][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Contact Us Footer” _builder_version=”4.7.6″ use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”#1bb3eb” background_color_gradient_end=”#25efcb” background_color_gradient_direction=”221deg” custom_margin=”|||” custom_padding=”105px|0px|28px|0px||” top_divider_style=”waves2″ top_divider_color=”#fafbfc” top_divider_flip=”horizontal” global_module=”840″ saved_tabs=”all”][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.2″ text_font=”ABeeZee||||||||” text_text_color=”rgba(255,255,255,0.8)” text_font_size=”18px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”ABeeZee||||||||” header_text_color=”#ffffff” header_font_size=”24px” header_3_font=”ABeeZee|600|||||||” header_3_font_size=”36px” header_3_line_height=”1.4em” background_layout=”dark” custom_margin=”|||”]<\/p>\n Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre el proyecto o inter\u00e9s sobre el tema, \u00a1cont\u00e1ctenos!<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_button button_url=”@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6Ijc5In19@” button_text=”Cont\u00e1ctanos” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _dynamic_attributes=”button_url” button_text_size=”14px” button_text_color=”#ffffff” button_border_width=”2px” button_border_color=”#ffffff” button_border_radius=”100px” button_font=”Poppins|600||on|||||” button_use_icon=”off” background_layout=”dark” custom_margin=”37px|||||” custom_padding=”12px|36px|12px|36px” button_letter_spacing_hover=”0″ locked=”off” button_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_text_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_border_width__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=”off” button_border_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_border_radius__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=”off” button_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”on” button_letter_spacing__hover=”0″ button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”off” button_bg_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=”off”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Sobre el proyecto Este proyecto se centra en la caracterizaci\u00f3n del riesgo de intoxicaci\u00f3n alimentaria por ciguatera en las Islas Baleares y las Islas CanariasDatos del proyectoResumen del proyectoLos riesgos alimentarios asociados con las ciguatoxinas: seguimiento y supervisi\u00f3n de las toxinas marinas y organismos productores de toxinas en los ecosistemas marinos (CIGUARISK)La din\u00e1mica espacio-temporal de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" admin_label=\"Hero Section\" _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" use_background_color_gradient=\"on\" background_color_gradient_start=\"rgba(27,179,235,0.9)\" background_color_gradient_end=\"rgba(37,239,203,0.9)\" background_color_gradient_direction=\"105deg\" background_color_gradient_overlays_image=\"on\" background_image=\"https:\/\/ciguaadapt.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/cala-anguila-2001071_1920.jpg\" custom_padding=\"60px|0px|60px|0px\" bottom_divider_style=\"waves2\" bottom_divider_color=\"#fafbfc\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"3.25\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" text_font=\"ABeeZee||||||||\" text_text_color=\"rgba(255,255,255,0.8)\" text_font_size=\"18px\" text_line_height=\"1.8em\" header_font=\"ABeeZee|600|||||||\" header_text_color=\"#ffffff\" header_font_size=\"48px\" header_line_height=\"1.4em\" header_3_font=\"Poppins|600|||||||\" header_3_font_size=\"36px\" header_3_line_height=\"1.4em\" background_layout=\"dark\" max_width=\"600px\" module_alignment=\"left\" custom_margin=\"|||\" locked=\"off\"] Food risks associated with ciguatoxins: monitoring and tracking the toxins and toxin-producing organisms in marine ecosystems (CIGUARISK)<\/p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"SubProject 1 summary \" image=\"https:\/\/ciguaadapt.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/ecosystem.png\" image_max_width=\"75px\" admin_label=\"Service\" _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" header_font=\"ABeeZee|600|||||||\" header_text_align=\"center\" header_text_color=\"#486066\" header_font_size=\"18px\" header_line_height=\"1.3em\" body_font=\"ABeeZee||||||||\" body_text_align=\"center\" body_text_color=\"#486066\" body_line_height=\"2em\" background_color=\"#ffffff\" custom_margin=\"|||\" custom_padding=\"40px|30px|40px|30px\" animation_style=\"fade\" animation=\"off\" link_option_url=\"#subproject1\" border_radii=\"on|6px|6px|6px|6px\" box_shadow_style=\"preset1\" box_shadow_vertical=\"10px\" box_shadow_blur=\"24px\" box_shadow_spread=\"6px\" box_shadow_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.06)\"] Spatio-temporal dynamics of ciguatoxin-producing microalgae in marine ecosystems and transfer of ciguatoxins through the food web (CIGUATROFIC)<\/p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"SubProject 2 summary \" image=\"https:\/\/ciguaadapt.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/fish-1.png\" image_max_width=\"75px\" admin_label=\"Service\" _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" header_font=\"ABeeZee|600|||||||\" header_text_align=\"center\" header_text_color=\"#486066\" header_font_size=\"18px\" header_line_height=\"1.3em\" body_font=\"ABeeZee||||||||\" body_text_align=\"center\" body_text_color=\"#486066\" body_line_height=\"2em\" background_color=\"#ffffff\" custom_margin=\"|||\" custom_padding=\"40px|30px|40px|30px\" animation_style=\"fade\" animation=\"off\" link_option_url=\"#subproject2\" border_radii=\"on|6px|6px|6px|6px\" box_shadow_style=\"preset1\" box_shadow_vertical=\"10px\" box_shadow_blur=\"24px\" box_shadow_spread=\"6px\" box_shadow_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.06)\"]Ciguatoxin in food web: a controlled study of bioaccumulation in fish species (CIGUAFOOD)\r\n\u00a0[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"100px|auto||auto||\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" _module_preset=\"default\"][et_pb_text module_id=\"project\" _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" _module_preset=\"default\" header_text_color=\"#44d89e\" header_3_font=\"|600|||||||\" header_3_text_align=\"center\" header_3_text_color=\"#1bb3eb\" header_3_font_size=\"25px\" header_3_line_height=\"1.4em\"] \u00a0<\/p>\r\n Emergent marine toxins are a major problem involving food safety for fishing and aquaculture products in the world. Marked increase of the prevalence of ciguatoxin and other analogue derivatives in fish and ciguatera fish poisoning in humans has been detected in different regions like the Canary Islands, which represents a best lab to address this issue. Different toxins belong this family could be transmitted to the consumer. And these toxins produce a bio-accumulative effect in the food web, but nothing is known about their mechanism of action, how it affects the toxins profiles, and their influence on the toxic activity for each point of this food web.<\/p>\r\n New strains of Gambierdiscus<\/em> will be obtained in this subproject from the hotspots described in Gran Canaria, in order to be included in the Spanish Algae Bank (BEA) collection after their morphologic and genetic identification, but also the rate of growth and biomass production improved. This knowledge is necessary to clarify their contribution in the human intoxication outbreaks by these toxins. These isolated strains will be used to deepening in the toxinic profiles found, and that showing the best results will be included in the bioaccumulation study.<\/p>\r\n In the other way, different organisms could participate as carriers for ciguatera fish poisoning. Possible species acting as ciguatera fish poisoning carriers in the different points of the food web will also be studied in this project, and checked in the same points described above (hotspots), by using algae as main source of food, or mixed with small fish and shellfish, and both groups are able to accumulate ciguatoxin and other toxin derivatives involved, and finally, main fish predators will also be investigated for their responsibility in human ciguatera fish poisoning.<\/p>\r\n And the effect of bioaccumulation of these toxins in fish will be also studied in this project, by different challenge exposure to the toxins in experimental fish, by feeding with microalgae strains selected during this project and, at the same time, with death fish, previously identified and quantified for a particular amount (ng\/g) of ciguatoxin. These assays will better help to know the kinetic of these toxins in fish.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row module_id=\"work-packages\" _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" custom_padding=\"100px|||||\" locked=\"off\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" text_font=\"||||||||\" header_font=\"||||||||\" header_text_align=\"center\" header_3_font=\"ABeeZee|600|||||||\" header_3_text_color=\"#44d89e\" header_3_font_size=\"36px\" header_3_line_height=\"1.4em\" text_orientation=\"center\"] Lead Partner: IRTA-CSIC<\/strong><\/p>\r\n Objectives<\/strong><\/p>\r\n - Describe the spatial distribution of Gambierdiscus<\/em> and Fukuyoa<\/em> in the Balearic Islands.<\/span><\/p>\r\n - Describe the temporal and depth distribution of Gambierdiscus<\/em> and Fukuyoa<\/em> in selected \u2018hotspots\u2019 of the Canaries and Balearic Islands.<\/p>\r\n - Develop HTS metabarcoding to identify and quantify the different species of Gambierdiscus<\/em> and Fukuyoa<\/em> directly from environmental samples.<\/p>[\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Work Package 2. Ciguatoxins in marine water and different species of seafood in the environment and their biotransformation through the food web (Canary Islands and Balearic Islands hotspots)\" open_toggle_text_color=\"#44d89e\" closed_toggle_text_color=\"#1bb3eb\" _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" _module_preset=\"default\" title_text_color=\"#25efcb\" title_font_size=\"25px\" title_line_height=\"1.4em\"] Lead Partner: IRTA-CSIC<\/strong><\/p>\r\n Objectives<\/strong><\/p>\r\n - Determine profiles and concentrations of dissolved CTXs in water through passive uptake devices (SPATT bags).<\/p>\r\n - Identify and quantify CTXs and their toxicity in different species of seafood, enabling the assessment of their biotransformation through the food web.<\/p>[\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Work Package 3. Controlled dietary exposure experiments to characterize the intake, bioaccumulation and transformation of CTX in fish \" open_toggle_text_color=\"#44d89e\" closed_toggle_text_color=\"#1bb3eb\" _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" _module_preset=\"default\" title_text_color=\"#25efcb\" title_font_size=\"25px\" title_line_height=\"1.4em\"] Lead Partner: UPLGC<\/strong><\/p>\r\n Objectives<\/strong><\/p>\r\n - Determine the optimum growth parameters of ciguatera-causing dinoflagellates in large-scale cultures.<\/p>\r\n - Identify and quantify CTXs, their toxicities and bioaccumulation rates during their passage from Gambierdiscus <\/em>spp. to fish<\/p>\r\n - Identify and quantify CTX, toxicities and bioaccumulation in fish exposed to fish meat determined as CTX-positive.<\/p>\r\n - Determine the behavioral and clinical responses of fish exposed to CTX<\/p>[\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Work Package 4. Modelling of CTX in food webs and Risk assessment\" open_toggle_text_color=\"#44d89e\" closed_toggle_text_color=\"#1bb3eb\" _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" _module_preset=\"default\" title_text_color=\"#25efcb\" title_font_size=\"25px\" title_line_height=\"1.4em\"] Lead Partner: IRTA-CSIC and UPLGC<\/strong><\/p>\r\n Objectives<\/strong><\/p>\r\n To make an integrated assessment of ciguatera risk, based on Gambierdiscus\/Fukuyoa<\/em> species abundances and CTX profiles and their transformation in the ecosystem, in order to advise the fishing production sector and protect the consumer in relation to ciguatera in the Balearic and the Canary Islands<\/p>[\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=\"Work Package 5. Management, dissemination and exploitation\" open_toggle_text_color=\"#44d89e\" closed_toggle_text_color=\"#1bb3eb\" _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" _module_preset=\"default\" title_text_color=\"#25efcb\" title_font_size=\"25px\" title_line_height=\"1.4em\"] Lead Partner: IRTA<\/strong><\/p>[\/et_pb_toggle][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" admin_label=\"Contact Us Footer\" _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" use_background_color_gradient=\"on\" background_color_gradient_start=\"#1bb3eb\" background_color_gradient_end=\"#25efcb\" background_color_gradient_direction=\"221deg\" custom_margin=\"|||\" custom_padding=\"105px|0px|28px|0px||\" top_divider_style=\"waves2\" top_divider_color=\"#fafbfc\" top_divider_flip=\"horizontal\" global_module=\"203\" saved_tabs=\"all\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"3.25\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" text_font=\"ABeeZee||||||||\" text_text_color=\"rgba(255,255,255,0.8)\" text_font_size=\"18px\" text_line_height=\"1.8em\" header_font=\"ABeeZee||||||||\" header_text_color=\"#ffffff\" header_font_size=\"24px\" header_3_font=\"ABeeZee|600|||||||\" header_3_font_size=\"36px\" header_3_line_height=\"1.4em\" background_layout=\"dark\" custom_margin=\"|||\"] For further information on the project or interest on the topic, contact us![\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_button button_url=\"@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6Ijc5In19@\" button_text=\"Contact Us\" _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" _dynamic_attributes=\"button_url\" button_text_size=\"14px\" button_text_color=\"#ffffff\" button_border_width=\"2px\" button_border_color=\"#ffffff\" button_border_radius=\"100px\" button_font=\"Poppins|600||on|||||\" button_use_icon=\"off\" background_layout=\"dark\" custom_margin=\"37px|||||\" custom_padding=\"12px|36px|12px|36px\" button_letter_spacing_hover=\"0\" locked=\"off\" button_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"on\" button_letter_spacing__hover=\"0\" button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\" button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=\"off\"][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-834","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciguaadapt.es\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/834\/"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciguaadapt.es\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciguaadapt.es\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page\/"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciguaadapt.es\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2\/"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ciguaadapt.es\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments\/?post=834"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/ciguaadapt.es\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/834\/revisions\/"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1324,"href":"https:\/\/ciguaadapt.es\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/834\/revisions\/1324\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ciguaadapt.es\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/?parent=834"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n– Describir la distribuci\u00f3n temporal y en profundidad de Gambierdiscus y Fukuyoa en “hotspots” seleccionados de las Islas Canarias e Islas Baleares.
\n– Desarrollar el metabarcoding HTS para identificar y cuantificar las diferentes especies de Gambierdiscus y Fukuyoa directamente a partir de muestras ambientales.[\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=”WP 2. Las ciguatoxinas en agua del mar y las diferentes especies de productos del mar en el medio y su transformaci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s de la red tr\u00f3fica (en los hotspots de las Islas Canarias e Islas Baleares)” open_toggle_text_color=”#44d89e” closed_toggle_text_color=”#1bb3eb” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” title_text_color=”#25efcb” title_font_size=”25px” title_line_height=”1.4em”]<\/p>\n
\n– Identificar y cuantificar las CTXs y su toxicidad en diferentes especies de productos del mar, lo que permite evaluar su transformaci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s de la red tr\u00f3fica.[\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=”WP 3. Experimentos de exposici\u00f3n diet\u00e9tica controlada para caracterizar la ingesta, la bioacumulaci\u00f3n y la transformaci\u00f3n de las CTXs en el pescado” open_toggle_text_color=”#44d89e” closed_toggle_text_color=”#1bb3eb” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” title_text_color=”#25efcb” title_font_size=”25px” title_line_height=”1.4em”]<\/p>\n
\n– Identificar y cuantificar las CTXs, sus toxicidades y tasas de bioacumulaci\u00f3n durante su paso desde Gambierdiscus spp. a los peces herb\u00edvoros.
\n– Identificar y cuantificar las CTXs, toxicidades y la bioacumulaci\u00f3n en peces expuestos a carne de pescado determinada como CTX positiva.
\n– Determinar las respuestas cl\u00ednicas y de comportamiento de los peces expuestos a las CTXs.[\/et_pb_toggle][et_pb_toggle title=”WP 4. La modelizaci\u00f3n de las CTXs en la red tr\u00f3fica y la evaluaci\u00f3n de riesgo” open_toggle_text_color=”#44d89e” closed_toggle_text_color=”#1bb3eb” _builder_version=”4.9.2″ _module_preset=”default” title_text_color=”#25efcb” title_font_size=”25px” title_line_height=”1.4em”]<\/p>\n\u00bfQuieres contactar con nosotros?<\/h3>\n
About the project<\/h1>\r\nThis project focuses on the risk characterization of ciguatera food poisoning in the Balearic Island and the Canary Island[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" admin_label=\"Our Services Section\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" custom_padding=\"110px|0px|100px|0px||\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"3.25\" locked=\"off\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" text_font=\"||||||||\" header_font=\"||||||||\" header_text_align=\"center\" header_3_font=\"ABeeZee|600|||||||\" header_3_text_color=\"#44d89e\" header_3_font_size=\"36px\" header_3_line_height=\"1.4em\" text_orientation=\"center\"]
Project data<\/h3>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4\" admin_label=\"Statistics\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_margin=\"7px|auto|100px|auto||\" custom_padding=\"|40px||40px\" border_radii=\"on|6px|6px|6px|6px\" box_shadow_style=\"preset1\" box_shadow_vertical=\"10px\" box_shadow_blur=\"24px\" box_shadow_spread=\"6px\" box_shadow_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.06)\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_number_counter title=\"Years in the project\" number=\"3\" percent_sign=\"off\" _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" title_font=\"Poppins||||||||\" title_text_color=\"#486066\" title_font_size=\"15px\" title_line_height=\"1.4em\" number_font=\"Poppins||||||||\" number_text_color=\"#1bb3eb\" number_font_size=\"48px\" number_line_height=\"100px\" animation_style=\"fade\"][\/et_pb_number_counter][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_number_counter title=\"People involved\" number=\"19\" percent_sign=\"off\" _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" title_font=\"Poppins||||||||\" title_text_color=\"#486066\" title_font_size=\"15px\" title_line_height=\"1.4em\" number_font=\"Poppins||||||||\" number_text_color=\"#1ac9ed\" number_font_size=\"48px\" number_line_height=\"100px\" animation_style=\"fade\" animation_delay=\"100ms\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][\/et_pb_number_counter][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_number_counter title=\"Tests\" number=\"850\" percent_sign=\"off\" _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" title_font=\"Poppins||||||||\" title_text_color=\"#486066\" title_font_size=\"15px\" title_line_height=\"1.4em\" number_font=\"Poppins||||||||\" number_text_color=\"#22e1e8\" number_font_size=\"48px\" number_line_height=\"100px\" animation_style=\"fade\" animation_delay=\"200ms\" hover_enabled=\"0\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][\/et_pb_number_counter][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_number_counter title=\"Studio Locations\" number=\"2\" percent_sign=\"off\" _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" title_font=\"Poppins||||||||\" title_text_color=\"#486066\" title_font_size=\"15px\" title_line_height=\"1.4em\" number_font=\"Poppins||||||||\" number_text_color=\"#25efcb\" number_font_size=\"48px\" number_line_height=\"100px\" animation_style=\"fade\" animation_delay=\"300ms\"][\/et_pb_number_counter][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row module_id=\"project-overview\" _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" locked=\"off\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" text_font=\"||||||||\" header_font=\"||||||||\" header_text_align=\"center\" header_3_font=\"ABeeZee|600|||||||\" header_3_text_color=\"#44d89e\" header_3_font_size=\"36px\" header_3_line_height=\"1.4em\" text_orientation=\"center\"]
Project overview<\/h3>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_3,1_3,1_3\" use_custom_gutter=\"on\" gutter_width=\"2\" column_padding_mobile=\"on\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" custom_padding=\"27px|0px|27px|0px\" custom_padding_tablet=\"49px|||\" custom_padding_phone=\"19px|||\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"Project summary \" image=\"https:\/\/ciguaadapt.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/line-graph.png\" image_max_width=\"75px\" admin_label=\"Service\" _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" header_font=\"ABeeZee|600|||||||\" header_text_align=\"center\" header_text_color=\"#486066\" header_font_size=\"18px\" header_line_height=\"1.3em\" body_font=\"ABeeZee||||||||\" body_text_align=\"center\" body_text_color=\"#486066\" body_line_height=\"2em\" background_color=\"#ffffff\" custom_margin=\"|||\" custom_padding=\"40px|30px|40px|30px\" animation_style=\"fade\" animation=\"off\" link_option_url=\"#project\" border_radii=\"on|6px|6px|6px|6px\" box_shadow_style=\"preset1\" box_shadow_vertical=\"10px\" box_shadow_blur=\"24px\" box_shadow_spread=\"6px\" box_shadow_color=\"rgba(0,0,0,0.06)\"]
Project summary<\/h3>\r\n
Food risks associated with ciguatoxins: monitoring and tracking the toxins and toxin-producing organisms in marine ecosystems (CIGUARISK)<\/h3>\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nCiguatera, also known as ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), is caused by the ingestion of marine fish containing ciguatoxins (CTXs), which are very potent neurotoxins, mainly present in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. Ciguatera causes general, digestive, cardiac and long-lasting neurological symptoms that may last for months. CTXs are produced by dinoflagellates of the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa and are transferred and transformed through the food webs reaching consumers.\r\n\r\nGambierdiscus spp. have been described as a widespread and diverse component of the benthic microalgal communities in the Canary Islands (CI). It is unlikely that the genus is a recently introduced taxon in the Canaries but climate change may have promoted higher population densities. Since 2004, cases of ciguatera have appeared in the CI and in Madeira. \r\n\r\nBy contrast, in the Mediterranean Sea, no convincing evidence of cases of ciguatera exist, even though Gambierdiscus spp. have been reported in Crete, Cyprus and very recently in the Balearic Islands (BI). However, little is known about the diversity, distribution and toxicity of Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa in the Mediterranean Sea. \r\n\r\nThese two temperate regions \u2013 the BI having Gambierdiscus but no ciguatera, the CI having both \u2013 offer a unique opportunity to evaluate the factors that allow a potential risk of ciguatera to become an actual disease and hence to develop risk assessments for ciguatera in an environment evolving as a result of climate change.\r\n\r\nThe toxins involved are very diverse: c. 20 CTXs analogues are known, with very different toxicological properties. Analysing them is challenging since extraction methods for these toxins may not be equally efficient in different species of fish and different tissues, and the levels of CTXs observed in fish samples are typically very low. \r\n\r\nThe main objective of CIGUARISK is to make an integrated assessment of ciguatera risk in order to protect the consumer and advise the fish production sector. A basic prerequisite is to determine the spatiotemporal distribution of Gambierdiscus\/Fukuyoa species, precisely identify and quantify the CTXs they produce, and define how CTX profiles are transformed during their passage through the food webs. To accomplish this, field sampling and DNA profiling of Gambierdiscus spp. and Fukuyoa spp. will be combined with CTX characterization (identity and toxicity) in the dinoflagellates and various components of food webs to see how CTX accumulate and how their profiles and toxicities change as they are transferred from alga to herbivorous\/omnivorous and to carnivorous fish and other marine organisms. Controlled dietary experiments will be performed to examine uptake and conversions of CTXs by fish. All these data will be brought together and an integrated risk assessment model built in order to predict when ciguatera may occur, hence protecting consumers and providing timely advice to the aquaculture and fishing sectors.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text module_id=\"subproject1\" _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" _module_preset=\"default\" header_text_color=\"#44d89e\" header_3_font=\"|600|||||||\" header_3_text_align=\"center\" header_3_text_color=\"#1bb3eb\" header_3_font_size=\"25px\" header_3_line_height=\"1.4em\"]
SubProject 1 summary <\/h3>\r\n
Spatio-temporal dynamics of ciguatoxin-producing microalgae in marine ecosystems and transfer of ciguatoxins through the food web (CIGUATROFIC)<\/h3>\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nCiguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is a foodborne disease mainly in the tropics caused by eating fish containing ciguatoxins (CTXs). Benthic dinoflagellates of the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa produce CTXs, which are then transferred up the food web. In 2004 the first autochthonous outbreak of ciguatera in Europe was reported from the Canary Islands (CI) after consumption of amberjack fish. Until now, five Gambierdiscus species have been reported in the CI. In the Mediterranean, no ciguatera cases have been confirmed, but Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa species have been found in Cyprus, Crete and the Balearic Islands (BI). The Mediterranean Sea is strongly affected by rising temperatures accompanying climate change, making the region increasingly suitable for tropical species. Hence there is an urgent need to investigate the spatio-temporal distributions of Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa to define locations where ciguatera is a potential risk and estimate the likely timescale for its appearance, and to understand how CTXs move through the food web. Comparisons between CI and BI are particularly informative about ciguatera risk because CTX-producers are present in both areas but ciguatera currently develops only in CI.\r\n\r\nThe presence of CTXs in the flesh of upper trophic level fish, particularly one of the most toxic analogues (CTX-1B), is believed to result from consumption of Gambierdiscus cells by herbivorous and omnivorous fish; then, these are preyed upon by carnivorous species. Subproject 1 CIGUATROFIC focuses on where and when CTX-producing dinoflagellates occur, what controls their growth, their CTX profiles, and how these profiles change as CTXs are transferred in the food webs. The spatial distributions of Gambierdiscus\/Fukuyoa in BI and CI will be studied and quantified by microscopical counts, and molecular techniques (Sanger sequencing and DNA metabarcoding). Molecular approaches for identification are needed because CTX-producing species vary greatly in toxicity but cannot be reliably identified by morphology. Temporal and depth distributions will also be examined at a few selected sites where CTX species are sufficiently abundant.\r\n\r\nThe CTXs produced by the dinoflagellates will be characterized and compared with those present in fish and other organisms to determine how CTX composition and toxicity change during their passage through the food webs. Previous studies indicate that CTXs become more oxidized (e.g. to CTX-1B) as they move through the food web and accumulate in fish tissues because of their lipophilic nature. Screening of CTXs will employ cell-based toxicity assays and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS and LC-HRMS) to confirm the presence and identities of CTX analogues and their amounts. This characterization of the CTXs in different organisms will help to understand the biotransformation and biomagnification of toxins and toxicity in the food web. Bioaccumulation of CTXs is usually evaluated in muscle tissue but we will also evaluate it in other tissues (liver, stomach) to provide a more complete picture. The information from the spatiotemporal studies of dinoflagellates and toxin analyses in marine organisms will then be integrated to develop a predictive model for ciguatera.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text module_id=\"subproject2\" _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" _module_preset=\"default\" header_text_color=\"#44d89e\" header_3_font=\"|600|||||||\" header_3_text_align=\"center\" header_3_text_color=\"#1bb3eb\" header_3_font_size=\"25px\" header_3_line_height=\"1.4em\"]
SubProject 2 summary<\/h3>\r\n
Ciguatoxin in food web: a controlled study of bioaccumulation in fish species (CIGUAFOOD)<\/h3>\r\n
Work packages<\/h3>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/ciguaadapt.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/2019-Diagrama-WPs.png\" title_text=\"2019-Diagrama-WPs\" _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" _module_preset=\"default\"][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" _module_preset=\"default\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" _module_preset=\"default\"][et_pb_toggle title=\"Work Package 1. Spatio-temporal dynamics of ciguatera-causing dinoflagellates in the Canary Islands hotspots and the Balearic Islands \" open_toggle_text_color=\"#44d89e\" closed_toggle_text_color=\"#1bb3eb\" _builder_version=\"4.7.6\" _module_preset=\"default\" title_text_color=\"#25efcb\" title_font_size=\"25px\" title_line_height=\"1.4em\"]
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